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Free example ยท Referral concern

Early reading and phonological skills

Difficulty with sounds in words and decoding.

Phonological processing is related to reading, but is not itself a measure of reading achievement. These are planning considerations, not a diagnosis or a required test battery. Confirm age eligibility, language, norms, and suitability in each manual.

Phonological awareness

Explore sound manipulation and blending alongside direct reading assessment and the referral question.

CTOPP-2

Elision

Needs review
What it adds
Saying words with sounds removed.
Key difference
Examines sound manipulation rather than printed-word reading or reading achievement.
Age range
Check manual
Spanish
Not verified
Other demands
Auditory; oral response
Publisher
PARSource link not yet added; check manual.

CTOPP-2

Blending Words

Needs review
What it adds
Combining sounds to form words.
Key difference
Examines sound blending rather than printed-word decoding; not interchangeable with Elision.
Age range
Check manual
Spanish
Not verified
Other demands
Auditory; oral response
Publisher
PARSource link not yet added; check manual.

Underlying reading processes

A whole instrument linked to this concern; not a replacement for the phonological-awareness measures above.

FAR

Feifer Assessment of Reading

Verified
What it adds
Examines the underlying cognitive and linguistic processes that support reading.
Key difference
A whole instrument with grade-based norms, rather than a single phonological-awareness subtest. Confirm the relevant domains in the manual.
Age range
Pre-K through college (grade-based norms)
Spanish
Not verified

A published Spanish edition has not been confirmed. Check with the publisher.

Other demands
Check manual; publisher qualification level B
Publisher
PAR

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